Health benefits of microalgal omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids represent an important structural component of human cell membranes, particularly neuronal cells [1]. The consumption of EPA and DHA supplements has been shown to prevent cardiovascular, nervous system and inflammatory conditions [2]. With regards to cardiovascular health, regular consumption of ω-3 fatty acids can help reduce the risk of hypertension, thrombosis, myocardial infarction and cardiac arrhythmias [3]. This occurs because ω-3 fatty acids increase the high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein (HDL/LDL) ratio and decrease the total cholesterol/HDL ratio [3]. In addition to cardiovascular benefits, omega-3 fatty acids have also demonstrated positive effects on brain function and the nervous system [4]. In pregnant women, the adequate intake of EPA and DHA is crucial for healthy development of the fetal brain [5]. In infants, arachidonic acid (ARA), an omega-6 fatty acid, and DHA are also required for normal growth and functional development [6]. Interestingly, increased consumption of DHA may also diminish the severity of depression [7]. Immuno-modulatory effects have been observed when ω-3 fatty acids were used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, asthma, lupus and cystic fibrosis [8,9]. Children ingesting fish oil more than once a week had a lower probability of suffering from asthma [10]. Increasing the levels of DHA and EPA in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis has also been found to reduce pain and improve conditions, although the modes of operation are unclear at this point [11,12].
There is currently a large demand for microalgae in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry due to their health-promoting effects. Microalgal-derived PUFA, such as ARA and DHA are added as fortifications to infant formulae—an industry that is worth $10 billion per annum alone. To date, microalgal extracts can be found in many face and skin care products, e.g. anti-aging cream, refreshing or regenerative care products, sun cream, emollient and anti-irritant in peelers [13]. Dermochlorella is actually extracted from Chlorella vulgaris, which can stimulate collagen synthesis in skin supporting tissue regeneration and wrinkle reduction [14]. Protulines is a protein-rich extract from Arthrospira (Spirulina), which helps combat early skin aging, exerting a tightening effect and preventing wrinkle formation [15].
[4] Simopoulos AP, Bazán NG, Karger S. Omega-3 fatty acids, the brain and retina. Karger; 2009.
[14] CODIF Recherche & Nature. St Malo cedex. France: CODIF Recherche & Nature; 2006. DERMOCHLORELLA D – DERMOCHLORELLA DP skin restructuring.
[15] Exymol SAM. Exymol SAM. Monaco; 2012. Protulines: spirulina extract.